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The significance of organic matter content in agricultural soils is not fully understood by many producers. Organic compounds significantly impact the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soils. Organic matter sources include forest cover, soil organisms, and especially organic fertilizers. When we talk about organic fertilizers, the first thought is often properly composted animal manure (through aerobic decomposition). The application of composted organic waste to agricultural soils is crucial, yet finding high-quality composts with the desired properties can be challenging.
Producers often attempt to mature animal manure by mixing it with water or letting it sit for long periods, which leads to anaerobic conditions. This method can introduce weed seeds and pathogens, as improperly composted manure may contain high salt levels and unsuitable physical properties. The primary benefit expected from applying organic matter to agricultural lands is the improvement of soil physical properties rather than solely providing plant nutrition. Although organic matter contributes nutrients, it cannot replace chemical fertilizers in intensive crop production.
To illustrate, when considering the top 0-20 cm soil layer with an assumed soil bulk density of 1.25 g/cm³, this layer represents 250,000 kg/ha. It’s clear that increasing organic matter content in such a soil profile is not feasible with low-organic-content fertilizers alone. Organic matter in these fertilizers can aid nutrient uptake. Thus, producers should utilize quality organic fertilizers where available, but they should also follow a balanced fertilizer program based on soil and plant analyses to achieve optimal results.
Prof. Dr. Murat Ali TURAN